Answer architecture round 2: 1 🔴, 0 🟡; self-host signed apt, dnf and apk repositories on GitHub Pages in place of Cloudsmith, and keep an older tag's image while leaving latest alone

.github/workflows/packages.yml

@@ -11,7 +11,9 @@ on:
         required: true
       AUR_KEY:
         required: true
-      CLOUDSMITH_API_KEY:
+      PACKAGES_GPG_KEY:
+        required: true
+      PACKAGES_RSA_KEY:
         required: true
   workflow_dispatch:
     inputs:
@@ -34,6 +36,8 @@ jobs:
     permissions:
       contents: write
       packages: write
+    outputs:
+      latest: ${{ steps.latest.outputs.latest }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
         with:
@@ -54,8 +58,8 @@ jobs:
         with:
           go-version: ${{ steps.go.outputs.version }}
           cache: false
-      # The tap, the bucket, the AUR and the image's latest tag each hold one version, so
+      # The tap, the bucket, the AUR, the image's latest tag and the Linux repositories each
-      # only the latest release updates them.
+      # hold one version, so only the latest release updates them.
       - name: Channels holding one version
         id: latest
         env:
@@ -63,9 +67,10 @@ jobs:
           TAG: ${{ inputs.tag }}
         run: |
           if [ "$(gh release view --repo "$GITHUB_REPOSITORY" --json tagName --jq .tagName)" = "$TAG" ]; then
-            echo "skip=" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo "latest=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
           else
-            echo "skip=--skip=homebrew,scoop,aur,docker" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo "skip=--skip=homebrew,scoop,aur" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo "OLDER_TAG=1" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
           fi
       - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v4
       - uses: docker/login-action@v4
@@ -82,20 +87,48 @@ jobs:
           GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           TAP_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.TAP_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           AUR_KEY: ${{ secrets.AUR_KEY }}
-      - name: Upload to the Cloudsmith repositories
-        env:
-          CLOUDSMITH_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.CLOUDSMITH_API_KEY }}
-        run: |
-          pip install --quiet cloudsmith-cli==1.27.0
-          for f in dist/*.deb; do cloudsmith push deb --republish larvit/fejkdata/any-distro/any-version "$f"; done
-          for f in dist/*.rpm; do cloudsmith push rpm --republish larvit/fejkdata/any-distro/any-version "$f"; done
-          for f in dist/*.apk; do cloudsmith push alpine --republish larvit/fejkdata/alpine/any-version "$f"; done
       - name: The built binary and the published image print the tag
         env:
           TAG: ${{ inputs.tag }}
-          IMAGE: ${{ steps.latest.outputs.skip == '' }}
         run: |
           test "$(dist/fejkdata_linux_amd64_v1/fejkdata --version)" = "fejkdata $TAG"
-          if [ "$IMAGE" = true ]; then
+          test "$(docker run --rm "ghcr.io/larvit/fejkdata:${TAG#v}" --version)" = "fejkdata $TAG"
-            test "$(docker run --rm "ghcr.io/larvit/fejkdata:${TAG#v}" --version)" = "fejkdata $TAG"
+
-          fi
+  repos:
+    name: apt, dnf and apk repositories for ${{ inputs.tag }}
+    needs: packages
+    if: needs.packages.outputs.latest == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-26.04
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      pages: write
+      id-token: write
+    environment:
+      name: github-pages
+      url: ${{ steps.deploy.outputs.page_url }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      - name: The release's Linux packages
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+          TAG: ${{ inputs.tag }}
+        run: gh release download "$TAG" --repo "$GITHUB_REPOSITORY" --dir packages --pattern '*.deb' --pattern '*.rpm' --pattern '*.apk'
+      - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v4
+      - name: Install fejkdata from each repository, then export them
+        env:
+          PACKAGES_GPG_KEY: ${{ secrets.PACKAGES_GPG_KEY }}
+          PACKAGES_RSA_KEY: ${{ secrets.PACKAGES_RSA_KEY }}
+        run: |
+          build() {
+            docker buildx build -f release-tooling/package-repos.Dockerfile \
+              --secret id=gpg,env=PACKAGES_GPG_KEY --secret id=rsa,env=PACKAGES_RSA_KEY "$@" packages
+          }
+          build --target checks --output type=local,dest=checks
+          build --target site --output type=local,dest=site
+      - uses: actions/upload-pages-artifact@v5
+        with:
+          path: site
+      - id: deploy
+        uses: actions/deploy-pages@v5

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -78,10 +78,13 @@ jobs:
     permissions:
       contents: write
       packages: write
+      pages: write
+      id-token: write
     uses: ./.github/workflows/packages.yml
     with:
       tag: ${{ needs.release.outputs.tag }}
     secrets:
       TAP_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.TAP_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
       AUR_KEY: ${{ secrets.AUR_KEY }}
-      CLOUDSMITH_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.CLOUDSMITH_API_KEY }}
+      PACKAGES_GPG_KEY: ${{ secrets.PACKAGES_GPG_KEY }}
+      PACKAGES_RSA_KEY: ${{ secrets.PACKAGES_RSA_KEY }}

AGENTS.md

@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ In [docs/decisions.md](docs/decisions.md):
 - Goal 7.2 holds while a first template can be written with no escape; a literal brace still takes `{{` or `}}`
 - The locales are Ethnologue 2026's ten most-spoken languages, each in the country with the most speakers of it, the Nordic countries and Germany
 - A country with no open address register covering it whole ships its places and postal codes without streets
-- The deb, rpm and apk repositories live on Cloudsmith, and the image on GHCR
+- The apt, dnf and apk repositories are static files on GitHub Pages, holding the latest release only
 
 # Scoring run
 

README.md

@@ -43,13 +43,23 @@ docker run --rm -i ghcr.io/larvit/fejkdata < template.json        # any OS with
 go install github.com/larvit/fejkdata/cmd/fejkdata@latest         # any OS with Go
 ```
 
-Debian, Ubuntu, Fedora, RHEL and Alpine install from fejkdata's Cloudsmith repository,
+Debian, Ubuntu, Fedora, RHEL and Alpine install from fejkdata's signed repositories, which
-after one setup script adds it and its signing key:
+hold the latest release:
 
 ```sh
-curl -1sLf https://dl.cloudsmith.io/public/larvit/fejkdata/cfg/setup/bash.deb.sh | sudo -E bash && sudo apt install fejkdata
+# Debian, Ubuntu
-curl -1sLf https://dl.cloudsmith.io/public/larvit/fejkdata/cfg/setup/bash.rpm.sh | sudo -E bash && sudo dnf install fejkdata
+sudo curl -fsSLo /etc/apt/keyrings/fejkdata.asc https://larvit.github.io/fejkdata/fejkdata.asc
-curl -1sLf https://dl.cloudsmith.io/public/larvit/fejkdata/cfg/setup/bash.alpine.sh | sudo -E bash && sudo apk add fejkdata
+echo 'deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/fejkdata.asc] https://larvit.github.io/fejkdata/deb stable main' | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/fejkdata.list
+sudo apt update && sudo apt install fejkdata
+
+# Fedora, RHEL
+sudo curl -fsSLo /etc/yum.repos.d/fejkdata.repo https://larvit.github.io/fejkdata/rpm/fejkdata.repo
+sudo dnf install fejkdata
+
+# Alpine, as root
+wget -qO /etc/apk/keys/fejkdata.rsa.pub https://larvit.github.io/fejkdata/apk/fejkdata.rsa.pub
+echo https://larvit.github.io/fejkdata/apk >> /etc/apk/repositories
+apk add fejkdata
 ```
 
 Each [release](https://github.com/larvit/fejkdata/releases) also carries the binaries for
@@ -1156,7 +1166,7 @@ internal/rows/  a table's rows: the TSV, the options proved over it, the links b
 data/           the shipped modules, each a Go package embedding its categories (JSON, and a TSV per table) and its manifest; and Modules, which lists them
 data-import/    the scripts that rebuild each sourced table (see DATA-LICENSES.md), and the modules they share
 docs/           the decision log, the register research behind the shipped data, the survey of other libraries, panels' scores and rulings on how readable the code is, and what each chunk cost an agent to read
-release-tooling/ the release CI publishes from the changelog heading, and the binaries, packages and image built for it
+release-tooling/ the release CI publishes from the changelog heading, and the binaries, packages, image and package repositories built for it
 testdata/       the pinned shipped shape (see Versioning)
 ```
 
@@ -1253,14 +1263,15 @@ To release, head `CHANGELOG.md` with the version's section in place of `Unreleas
 and merge: once `main` passes the gate, CI tags that commit `vX.Y.Z` and publishes
 the GitHub release with the section as its body. A top heading of `[Unreleased]`
 publishes nothing. The new release then runs the Packages workflow, which attaches the
-binaries and packages, pushes the image, uploads to Cloudsmith and updates the Homebrew
+binaries and packages, pushes the image, updates the Homebrew tap, the Scoop bucket and
-tap, the Scoop bucket and the AUR. It reads the repository secrets `TAP_GITHUB_TOKEN`,
+the AUR, and deploys the apt, dnf and apk repositories to GitHub Pages. It reads the
-a token that can push to `larvit/homebrew-tap` and `larvit/scoop-bucket`, `AUR_KEY`,
+repository secrets `TAP_GITHUB_TOKEN`, a token that can push to `larvit/homebrew-tap` and
-the AUR account's SSH key, and `CLOUDSMITH_API_KEY`; the image's GHCR package must be
+`larvit/scoop-bucket`; `AUR_KEY`, the AUR account's SSH key; and `PACKAGES_GPG_KEY` and
-public. To package a release again, run the workflow by hand with its tag; it replaces
+`PACKAGES_RSA_KEY`, the private keys that sign the repositories. The image's GHCR package
-what it uploaded before. For a tag older than the latest release it updates only that
+must be public, and Pages must deploy from GitHub Actions. To package a release again, run the workflow by hand with its tag; it replaces
-release's assets and Cloudsmith, since the tap, the bucket, the AUR and the image's
+what it uploaded before. For a tag older than the latest release it leaves the tap, the
-`latest` each hold one version.
+bucket, the AUR, the image's `latest` and the repositories alone, since each holds one
+version.
 
 ## License
 

docs/decisions.md

@@ -963,15 +963,15 @@ section says why beside each such country. This works against goal 2.1 until
 `todo.md` item 218 gives those countries streets. Valid until the maintainer accepts ODbL
 data, or the country opens a register.
 
-## The deb, rpm and apk repositories live on Cloudsmith, and the image on GHCR
+## The apt, dnf and apk repositories are static files on GitHub Pages, holding the latest release only
 
 2026-10-13, decided by the maintainer. Serves goal 1.1; technical principle: prefer the
-vendor-neutral option, sidestepped deliberately (`~/.claude/principles/technical-principles.md`).
+vendor-neutral option (`~/.claude/principles/technical-principles.md`). A hosted package
-A repository apt, dnf or apk can upgrade from needs signed indexes for three formats.
+service would sign and index the packages for us, but only saves tooling, so the repositories
-Self-hosting them on GitHub Pages would put two signing keys and the tooling that rebuilds
+are built here: `release-tooling/package-repos.Dockerfile` signs them with a GPG key (apt,
-every index into this repository. Cloudsmith signs and indexes all three, for free to open
+dnf) and an RSA key (apk), and any static host can serve the result. GitHub already hosts the
-source, so the tie buys that tooling, not a capability only Cloudsmith has. Leaving it costs
+code (see "GitHub is canonical"), so Pages adds no new vendor; the image sits on GHCR for the
-each Linux user one new setup line. Every release's assets carry the same packages, so
+same reason, and as OCI it moves by changing its path. A Pages site holds at most 1 GB and a
-nothing is lost in a move. GHCR sits beside the code and takes CI's own token; the image is
+release's packages take about 35 MB, so the repositories hold the latest release only; every
-OCI, so leaving it changes only the image path. Valid while Cloudsmith's open-source plan
+release keeps its own packages, and the image keeps a tag per version. Valid while GitHub
-stays free.
+hosts the code.

release-tooling/goreleaser.yaml

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ dockers_v2:
       - ghcr.io/larvit/fejkdata
     tags:
       - "{{ .Version }}"
-      - latest
+      - '{{ if not (isEnvSet "OLDER_TAG") }}latest{{ end }}'
     dockerfile: ../tooling/release-tooling/image.Dockerfile
     labels:
       org.opencontainers.image.source: *homepage

release-tooling/package-repos.Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+# The apt, dnf and apk repositories GitHub Pages serves, signed, from the .deb, .rpm and
+# .apk files in the build context. The checks target installs fejkdata from each:
+#
+#   docker build -f package-repos.Dockerfile --secret id=gpg,env=PACKAGES_GPG_KEY \
+#     --secret id=rsa,env=PACKAGES_RSA_KEY --target checks <dir>
+#   docker build ... --target site --output <site dir> <dir>
+ARG BASE_URL=https://larvit.github.io/fejkdata
+
+FROM debian:trixie-20260918-slim AS deb-rpm
+ARG BASE_URL
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends apt-utils createrepo-c dpkg-dev gnupg \
+	&& rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+COPY *.deb /site/deb/pool/
+COPY *.rpm /site/rpm/
+WORKDIR /site
+RUN --mount=type=secret,id=gpg,required=true \
+	gpg --batch --quiet --import /run/secrets/gpg \
+	&& gpg --armor --export > fejkdata.asc \
+	&& cd deb \
+	&& for arch in amd64 arm64; do \
+		mkdir -p dists/stable/main/binary-$arch \
+		&& dpkg-scanpackages --arch $arch pool > dists/stable/main/binary-$arch/Packages \
+		&& gzip -9k dists/stable/main/binary-$arch/Packages; \
+	done \
+	&& apt-ftparchive -o APT::FTPArchive::Release::Origin=fejkdata \
+		-o APT::FTPArchive::Release::Suite=stable -o APT::FTPArchive::Release::Codename=stable \
+		-o APT::FTPArchive::Release::Components=main \
+		-o "APT::FTPArchive::Release::Architectures=amd64 arm64" \
+		release dists/stable > dists/stable/Release \
+	&& gpg --batch --yes --clearsign -o dists/stable/InRelease dists/stable/Release \
+	&& gpg --batch --yes --armor --detach-sign -o dists/stable/Release.gpg dists/stable/Release \
+	&& cd ../rpm \
+	&& createrepo_c --quiet . \
+	&& gpg --batch --yes --armor --detach-sign repodata/repomd.xml \
+	&& printf '[fejkdata]\nname=fejkdata\nbaseurl=%s/rpm\nrepo_gpgcheck=1\ngpgcheck=0\ngpgkey=%s/fejkdata.asc\n' \
+		"$BASE_URL" "$BASE_URL" > fejkdata.repo
+
+FROM alpine:3.22.2 AS apk
+RUN apk add --no-cache abuild openssl
+COPY *.apk /packages/
+RUN --mount=type=secret,id=rsa,required=true \
+	mkdir -p /keys /site/apk/x86_64 /site/apk/aarch64 \
+	&& cp /run/secrets/rsa /keys/fejkdata.rsa \
+	&& openssl rsa -in /keys/fejkdata.rsa -pubout -out /keys/fejkdata.rsa.pub 2>/dev/null \
+	&& cp /keys/fejkdata.rsa.pub /site/apk/ \
+	&& cp /packages/*_linux_amd64.apk /site/apk/x86_64/ \
+	&& cp /packages/*_linux_arm64.apk /site/apk/aarch64/ \
+	&& for arch in x86_64 aarch64; do \
+		cd /site/apk/$arch \
+		&& apk index --quiet --allow-untrusted -o APKINDEX.tar.gz *.apk \
+		&& mv *.apk "fejkdata-$(tar -xzOf APKINDEX.tar.gz APKINDEX | sed -n 's/^V://p').apk" \
+		&& abuild-sign -q -k /keys/fejkdata.rsa APKINDEX.tar.gz; \
+	done
+
+FROM scratch AS site
+COPY --from=deb-rpm /site /
+COPY --from=apk /site /
+
+FROM debian:trixie-20260918-slim AS check-deb
+COPY --from=site / /site
+RUN echo 'deb [signed-by=/site/fejkdata.asc] file:/site/deb stable main' > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/fejkdata.list \
+	&& apt-get update -o Dir::Etc::SourceList=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/fejkdata.list -o Dir::Etc::SourceParts=- \
+	&& apt-get install -y fejkdata \
+	&& fejkdata --version > /checked
+
+FROM fedora:43@sha256:a651ddf48ea28a06ed4e1e6519f51c9f47e7a5a138722ade87369b8fbb7e5b42 AS check-rpm
+COPY --from=site / /site
+RUN sed -e 's#^baseurl=.*#baseurl=file:///site/rpm#' -e 's#^gpgkey=.*#gpgkey=file:///site/fejkdata.asc#' \
+		/site/rpm/fejkdata.repo > /etc/yum.repos.d/fejkdata.repo \
+	&& dnf install -y --repo fejkdata fejkdata \
+	&& fejkdata --version > /checked
+
+FROM alpine:3.22.2 AS check-apk
+COPY --from=site / /site
+RUN cp /site/apk/fejkdata.rsa.pub /etc/apk/keys/ \
+	&& apk add --no-cache --repositories-file /dev/null -X /site/apk fejkdata \
+	&& fejkdata --version > /checked
+
+FROM scratch AS checks
+COPY --from=check-deb /checked /deb
+COPY --from=check-rpm /checked /rpm
+COPY --from=check-apk /checked /apk

renovate.json

@@ -23,18 +23,6 @@
       "matchStrings": [
         "goreleaser/goreleaser-action@\\S+\\s+with:\\s+version: (?<currentValue>\\S+)"
       ]
-    },
-    {
-      "customType": "regex",
-      "datasourceTemplate": "pypi",
-      "depNameTemplate": "cloudsmith-cli",
-      "description": "the Cloudsmith CLI the Packages workflow installs",
-      "managerFilePatterns": [
-        "/^\\.github/workflows/packages\\.yml$/"
-      ],
-      "matchStrings": [
-        "cloudsmith-cli==(?<currentValue>\\S+)"
-      ]
     }
   ],
   "extends": [